{"id":4849,"date":"2021-11-19T17:07:26","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T09:07:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/43.135.177.8\/?p=4849"},"modified":"2021-11-19T17:07:26","modified_gmt":"2021-11-19T09:07:26","slug":"a-microfluidic-platform-for-highly-parallel-bite-by-bite-profiling-of-mosquito-borne-pathogen-transmission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/whmicro.com\/?p=4849","title":{"rendered":"A microfluidic platform for highly parallel bite by bite profiling of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row rt_row_background_width=&#8221;default&#8221; rt_row_style=&#8221;default-style&#8221; rt_row_borders=&#8221;&#8221; rt_row_paddings=&#8221;true&#8221; rt_bg_effect=&#8221;classic&#8221; rt_bg_image_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; rt_bg_size=&#8221;cover&#8221; rt_bg_position=&#8221;right top&#8221; rt_bg_attachment=&#8221;scroll&#8221; rt_bg_video_format=&#8221;self-hosted&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;4\/5&#8243; rt_wrp_col_paddings=&#8221;false&#8221; rt_border_top=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_bottom=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_left=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_right=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_top_mobile=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_bottom_mobile=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_left_mobile=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_right_mobile=&#8221;&#8221; rt_bg_image_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; rt_bg_size=&#8221;auto auto&#8221; rt_bg_position=&#8221;right top&#8221; rt_bg_attachment=&#8221;scroll&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Sec3\" class=\"c-article__sub-heading\">Device design and fabrication<\/h3>\n<p>Vectorchips with integrated PDMS elastomer membranes were fabricated using a combination of laser patterning and soft lithography. We selected PDMS as the material of choice due to its low cost, biocompatibility, optical transparency, and chemical stability. PDMS-based devices can be fabricated using reproducible and scalable fabrication techniques<sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d418562298e672\" title=\"Xia, Y. &amp; Whitesides, G. M. Soft lithography. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 28, 153\u2013184 (1998).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-26300-0#ref-CR26\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>. Such devices have routinely been used for molecular analysis of small sample volumes using microfluidics<sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d418562298e676\" title=\"Duffy, D. C., McDonald, J. C., Schueller, O. J. &amp; Whitesides, G. M. Rapid prototyping of microfluidic systems in poly (dimethylsiloxane). Anal. Chem. 70, 4974\u20134984 (1998).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-26300-0#ref-CR27\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>, and are compatible with molecular assays and cell cultures<sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d418562298e680\" title=\"Lecault, V. et al. High-throughput analysis of single hematopoietic stem cell proliferation in microfluidic cell culture arrays. Nat. Methods 8, 581\u2013586 (2011).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-26300-0#ref-CR21\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 21\">21<\/a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d418562298e683\" title=\"Sackmann, E. K., Fulton, A. L. &amp; Beebe, D. J. The present and future role of microfluidics in biomedical research. Nature 507, 181\u2013189 (2014).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-26300-0#ref-CR22\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>. We used laser patterning to create open-ended arrayed compartments (3\u22124 mm deep) to capture saliva droplets from mosquito bites in PDMS micro-wells (Fig.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-26300-0#Fig1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-action=\"figure anchor\">1<\/a>a\u2013d). In order to obtain ultra-thin PDMS films that the mosquito mouth parts can pierce, we utilized spin-coating of uncured PDMS over a flat silicon surface. We obtained membrane-integrated devices after plasma-induced PDMS-PDMS bonding of the laser-patterned array with the PDMS film (Fig.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-26300-0#Fig1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-action=\"figure anchor\">1<\/a>e). Detailed steps describing chip fabrication are included in the methods section below. The versatile fabrication process can provide user-defined variation in the size and density of the individual compartments. We were able to fabricate chips with hole diameters ranging from 150 \u03bcm to 1 cm (Supplementary Fig.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-26300-0#MOESM1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-action=\"supplementary material anchor\">1<\/a>) showing the scales of operation for the laser-ablation process while maintaining membrane stability. Additionally, the membrane can be easily integrated with fluidic networks for direct interfacing with mosquito bites, enabling assays involving on-chip fluid exchange (Fig.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-26300-0#Fig1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-action=\"figure anchor\">1<\/a>f). The microfluidic compartments on the chips can hold feeding media such as blood or sugar water (Fig.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-26300-0#Fig1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-action=\"figure anchor\">1<\/a>g), collect saliva during biting events, and act as isolated reaction chambers for molecular assays.<\/p>\n<div id=\"figure-1\" class=\"c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item\" data-test=\"figure\" data-container-section=\"figure\" data-title=\"Fabrication of Vectorchip for collection of mosquito saliva and molecular assays.\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-10482319_399=\"3474\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-10482319_399=\"10000\" data-gtm-vis-recent-on-screen-10482319_399=\"17916\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-10482319_399=\"1\">\n<figure><figcaption><b id=\"Fig1\" class=\"c-article-section__figure-caption\" data-test=\"figure-caption-text\">Fig. 1: Fabrication of Vectorchip for collection of mosquito saliva and molecular assays.<\/b><\/figcaption><div class=\"c-article-section__figure-content\">\n<div class=\"c-article-section__figure-item\"><a class=\"c-article-section__figure-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-26300-0\/figures\/1\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-test=\"img-link\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"image\" data-track-action=\"view figure\"><picture><source srcset=\"\/\/media.springernature.com\/lw685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-021-26300-0\/MediaObjects\/41467_2021_26300_Fig1_HTML.png?as=webp\" type=\"image\/webp\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/lw685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-021-26300-0\/MediaObjects\/41467_2021_26300_Fig1_HTML.png\" alt=\"figure1\" width=\"685\" height=\"858\" aria-describedby=\"Fig1\" \/><\/picture><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-26300-0\">Please read the original article:<\/a><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243; rt_wrp_col_paddings=&#8221;false&#8221; rt_border_top=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_bottom=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_left=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_right=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_top_mobile=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_bottom_mobile=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_left_mobile=&#8221;&#8221; rt_border_right_mobile=&#8221;&#8221; rt_bg_image_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; rt_bg_size=&#8221;auto auto&#8221; rt_bg_position=&#8221;right top&#8221; rt_bg_attachment=&#8221;scroll&#8221;][vc_widget_sidebar sidebar_id=&#8221;sidebar-for-portfolio&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vectorchips with integrated PDMS elastomer membranes were fabricated using a combination of laser patterning and soft lithography. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4850,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[100],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A microfluidic platform for highly parallel bite by bite profiling of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission - WenHao<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/whmicro.com\/?p=4849\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A microfluidic platform for highly parallel bite by bite profiling of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission - WenHao\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vectorchips with integrated PDMS elastomer membranes were fabricated using a combination of laser patterning and soft lithography.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/whmicro.com\/?p=4849\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"WenHao\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-11-19T09:07:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/whmicro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/41467_2021_26300_Fig1_HTML.webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Happy\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/whmicro.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/whmicro.com\/\",\"name\":\"WenHao\",\"description\":\"Microfluidic Chip &amp; 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